Whether it’s impacting the way our food tastes, altering our perception of waiting times in a queue, or making us buy a specific type of wine in a store, music can be used as a marketing tool and can create an atmosphere to encourage desired customer behaviour. 

In retail, hospitality and leisure environments, one way in which music can impact customer behaviour is by influencing their spend. But how does the tempo, genre and volume of music correlate with customer purchasing decisions?

Tempo

The tempo of music playing can be an influential part of the atmosphere. 

It has been widely suggested that the faster the music, the faster the action, whether it be shopping, eating or moving around a venue. A study showed that music characterised as either ‘fast’ (averaging 108bpm) or ‘slow’ (averaging 60bpm) impacted the behaviour of restaurant diners.

The typical suggestion on the impact of music speed on consumers is that the faster the music, the faster the action, whether it be shopping, eating or moving around a venue, and numerous studies support this. 

A study was conducted on how music characterised as either ‘fast’ (averaging 108bpm) or ‘slow’ (averaging 60bpm) impacted the behaviour of restaurant diners. After an 8-week period, it was concluded that restaurant diners exposed to the slow music spent an average of 11 minutes longer at their table than those who were exposed to the fast music (56 vs 45 minutes).

A similar study observed the effects of music tempo on supermarket shoppers, and found that slow-tempo background music produced a significantly slower pace of in-store traffic flow than fast music. It was concluded that the impact of music tempo on both pace of in-store traffic flow and customer spend was “significant”, and logically made sense; as customers move more slowly through stores, they tend to buy more. In this case, 38% more.

The key takeaway is that consumers subconsciously react to background music tempo as a cue. So, if the aim is to get more customers in and out of the door, increasing the average speed of your background music could help. But if you want to build a relaxed environment when people should take their time, a slow-paced soundtrack is probably the way to go.

Genre

Genre is said to have a strong link with psychology, as consumers have a tendency to behave in a manner consistent with the connotations of music. 

The influence of music genre on customer spend is largely due to its effect on the quality perception of a business.

For instance, styles of music such as classical and jazz are perceived to be high-class as they are associated with sophistication and luxury. When played in businesses such as bars, restaurants and retail stores, these types of music have proven to increase a customer’s willingness to spend more and persuade them to purchase finer, more premium products.

One study found that customers exposed to classical music as opposed to Top 40 music in a wine store spent significantly more. This wasn’t due to a higher quantity of products purchased, but rather the selection of more expensive wines. The conclusion here was that “music must fit the persuasion context in order to produce the desired outcome”, i.e. in a context associated with prestige and sophistication (such as a wine store), atmospheric cues such as music must facilitate that experience.

While these findings can help with a business’ sales strategy, it’s important to acknowledge the simple notion that consumers are susceptible to what is sometimes referred to as ‘auditory symbolism’. In other words, the background music played in a retail or hospitality location indicates to consumers the type of venue they’re in, and what to expect from it. Therefore, this research not only indicates a direct influence from the genre of music on customer spend, but highlights the overall importance of well-profiled background music.

Volume

Perfecting the volume of background music in a retail, hospitality or leisure environment can be tricky. Do you want customers to be aware of it, or so subtle that it’s ‘barely there’? In other cases, the music may be more ‘foreground’; an explicit feature of the atmosphere, designed to awaken consumers and be high-impact.

There is little research to suggest that the volume of background music directly impacts customer spend. What has been found, however, is that the loudness of music is another factor that can influence dwell-time. One retail study measured the impact of ‘loud’ and ‘soft’ music on consumers. Though no significant difference in sales or level of satisfaction was recorded, it was found that people spent significantly less time in the stores when music was loud compared to when it was soft.

This is unsurprising, given that shoppers will often be either looking for a particular product or browsing for enjoyment; both of which having overly loud music present at could be distracting or intrusive, rather than complementing the experience. Though no sales difference was recorded in this particular study, it’s logical to advise that playing music at a volume that encourages customers to stay longer would likely lead to higher spend.

(P.S: our Atmosphere monitoring tool can make automated volume changes.)